Just as my wife’s water broke, I got a call from my mother’s nurse, and she told me my mom was dying. I was torn and forced to make a difficult decision.
The day Debra found out she was pregnant was one of those days that I will cherish for the rest of my life. We had cried together, unable to believe that we were going to have a baby home soon, and I promised Debra I’d be an amazing dad.
Debra and I had waited to become parents for a long time. We were one of those miracle couples who conceived after going through tons of failed fertility treatments and doctors telling us there was no chance.
“We’ll be the best parents to him, darling,” I told Debra one night. “I can’t wait to hold our baby in my arms.”
“I know, honey,” she’d said, smiling. I gently kissed her baby bump and promised Debra I’d always be by her side.
Debra had always been very anxious about the pregnancy due to the complications, and I had told her I would be there for her, so there was no need to worry.
Little did I know fate would plunge me into a situation where I’d have to choose between her and my mom while was in labor…
I still get chills when I recall that day. It started as a beautiful day. The sun was shining brightly, and nothing seemed wrong with the outside world. I was preparing breakfast in the kitchen because Debra wasn’t feeling well that morning.
I quickly assembled a breakfast plate for her, and I went to call her for breakfast. As I entered our bedroom, I saw she was leaning against the wall with one hand, clutching her baby bump and breathing heavily.
“Honey, are you okay?” I dashed to her, worried. “Should I call the doctor?”
“Gordon…my water…it…it broke,” she whispered heavily, and that’s when I noticed the floor beneath her. It was wet. “Take me to the hospital, Gordon…Please!” she cried.
“Jesus!” I panicked. “I’ll get the car started. Just hang on a sec, honey.”
I ran to our car, grabbing the keys from the bowl on the living room shelf. I opened the car door, then rushed back inside to help Debra.
“Don’t worry, honey. We’ll reach the hospital in no time. Okay, we’ve got this.” I was comforting her as her labor pains began. I was terrified and nervous. I was praying everything would be fine.
After we made it to the car and Debra got inside, I locked her door and rushed to take my seat. Then my phone rang. It was my mom’s nurse, Marla, calling me. My mother had been diagnosed with a progressive cardiac condition, and due to her illness, she was confined to bed rest.
Worried, I answered the phone, and Marla’s voice on the other end of the line broke me from inside.
“Gordon,” she said in a weak voice. “Your mom… She had a heart attack, so I took her to the hospital. The doctors say there is little hope she’ll make it… Your mother is dying. I think you should be here as soon as you can.”
“Jesus, Jesus!” I exhaled a sigh. Why was everything happening at the same time? I was ripped to shreds and didn’t know what to do. On the one hand, there was Debra, who was in labor, and on the other, there was my mother.
I went inside the car, tears in my eyes, and told Debra everything. I couldn’t hide it from her, anyway. She saw my face and asked me what was wrong. And I blurted everything out.
“Mom is dying, honey. She had a heart attack, and Marla’s asking me to be there as soon as possible. I am so nervous. I – I don’t know what to do….”
“Honey,” Debra said. “Call a taxi. I’ll go by myself…”
“What?” I was taken aback. “No, we can’t do that!”. She was drenched in sweat and moaning in pain. “Look at you. It’s just not….”
“We don’t have time, honey…Ahh…call the taxi now, Gordon. Your mom needs you. You are a son first, then a husband. I will manage. Your mom…she…” Her pain was becoming worse.
“I’m calling the taxi. Oh, God!”
Thankfully, I got a taxi soon, and I instructed the driver to take Debra to the hospital safely. My hands shook as I drove to my mother’s hospital, and my tears wouldn’t stop. My heart was racing, wondering about Debra’s condition and if our baby would be alright.
5 Times Fathers Let Their Children Down — And How Their Children Rose Above It.
Fatherhood isn’t just about biology; it’s about showing up. These five stories reveal how paternal absence can shape a life, but also how resilience and self-love can lead to extraordinary growth.
A missed graduation, a forgotten birthday, and even a shocking betrayal are just some of the wounds inflicted by the dads in the following stories who failed to fulfill their roles. But these tales don’t only linger on absence. Instead, they prove that even in the face of profound disappointment, we can rise, heal, and thrive.
A son and father | Source: Midjourney
My Father Skipped My Graduation to Take His Stepson to the Zoo – I Taught Him a Good Lesson
My graduation day was supposed to be awesome, but my dad, Henry, bailed on me because of his stepson, Tommy. This wasn’t new.
A graduation cap and degree | Source: Pexels
Ever since Dad married my stepmother, Sandra, he’d been way more into Tommy’s life than mine. He’d missed all my important stuff, including science fairs, soccer games, and even birthdays.
It was like he was trying to make up for not being Tommy’s real dad, but in the process, he was forgetting about me.
The saddest part is that I understood him. I wanted him to be happy. Sandra seemed to be doing that. I knew, even when I was young, that my mom and him weren’t right for each other. But, it hurt that I was being left out of his life.
A divorce agreement | Source: Pexels
He swore he’d be at my graduation, though.
One day, we were at a great diner near Mom’s house, where we used to go all the time when I was younger. It was our tradition before he got a new family, but every so often, Dad managed to take me.
So, it was there that he made me this promise. “I’ll be at your graduation for sure,” he’d said, looking me right in the eye. “Front row with your mom. This is a big deal, and I love you.”
“Really?” I’d asked, trying not to get my hopes up.
A boy drinking a milkshake | Source: Pexels
“Totally, Mike,” he’d said, slapping me on the back. You can probably imagine what happened.
Dad called a few hours before the ceremony with a lame excuse about needing to take Tommy out. “He’s had a rough year. Kids were bullying him, and there’s a special lion show today only,” Dad explained, seeming ashamed but also decided.
Lions sitting on a rock | Source: Pexels
I couldn’t say anything. So, I just went to the ceremony with my mom. It sucked. Standing there in my cap and gown, seeing all the other grads with their whole families, getting hugs and pictures… it just made me feel really lonely.
And mad. I was so mad at my dad.
That weekend, I decided to do something about it. I planned a graduation dinner at Mom’s place and invited everyone, even Dad, Sandra, and Tommy.
An outdoor table setting | Source: Unsplash
My mom went all out like she always does, but this was special because she knew how disappointed I was. Yet, she didn’t know that I had an ulterior motive.
I wanted to make my dad understand how much he’d hurt me.
During dinner, after we’d had some laughs and were all stuffed with Mom’s amazing lasagna, I got up to give a little speech. I was nervous, my hands were actually shaking, but I needed to say my piece.
Lasagna dinner | Source: Unsplash
“Everyone has big moments in their lives,” I started, clearing my throat only once. “And the people who are there for you during those times, that’s what matters.”
Then I went on to list all the times my father had been a no-show. “Like at the science fair,” I said, my voice starting to crack, “when I won first place, I looked for Dad in the crowd, but he wasn’t there. Or at my soccer championship, when we won the final game, and all the other guys had their dads there to celebrate with them.”
Teen playing soccer | Source: Unsplash
My dad’s face went white. He looked like he was about to cry. But I kept going. After finishing my list, I sat down. Obviously, the entire table remained silent.
But Dad spoke at last. “You’re right. I’ve missed so much, Michael,” he said, shaking his head. “I’m so sorry. I’ve missed out on being your dad.”
Sandra looked uncomfortable and wrapped her arms around Tommy as if I had attacked the kid directly. “Maybe you two just need to hang out more,” she suggested, gulping like it was that simple.
A woman looking apologetic | Source: Midjourney
Dad sighed and turned to his wife. “Sandra, he’s saying that I should’ve taken more time with him, that I missed out on so much,” he began.
“Like my graduation,” I chimed in.
Dad’s shamed eyes reached me, and he nodded. “Like his graduation because I was focused on my new family. I should’ve been there for him.”
A man with big eyes | Source: Midjourney
Sandra didn’t speak, and there was another lull at the table, but my mom suddenly stood and brought over a cake that said “Congratulations.”
“I’m so proud of you, Michael,” she said, hugging me, and then, whispered, “Good job.”
Things were slightly awkward after, but I knew that my dad felt bad. He just needed this wake-up call to understand that I didn’t and wouldn’t let this go like other times.
And shockingly, it worked because, a week later, Dad showed up at Mom’s without previous notice. “Pack your bags,” he said with a rare smile on his face. “We’re going on a trip.”
Packed bags with a camera | Source: Unsplash
He’d planned a whole weekend away, just him and me. We were going fishing, hiking, and camping out under the stars.
As we drove to this cabin he’d rented, I actually felt kind of good. Hopeful. Maybe, just maybe, he was finally going to be the dad I needed. I was heading off to college soon, and I really wanted things to be okay between us before it was too late.
A cabin in the woods | Source: Unsplash
In case you’re curious, yes, we’re good now.
My Father Went Fishing with His Friends and Forgot My 18th Birthday
My 18th birthday was a big deal, or at least it was supposed to be. But my dad, well, he forgot. Typical. It’s kind of a long story, but ever since my parents divorced when I was eight, my dad’s been more like a ghost than a father.
He was always busy with work, his friends, and his biggest obsession: fishing.
A person holding a fishing rod | Source: Unsplash
Every weekend, it was the same thing. He’d disappear with his buddies to go to the lake. It didn’t matter if it was my birthday, or I had a music recital, or even if I just wanted to see him.
I kept hoping things would change. I tried everything to get his attention, to make him proud at school, to have good grades, and to have extracurriculars. But it was like I was invisible to him.
A boy sitting on the couch | Source: Midjourney
So, when my 18th birthday rolled around, I thought, “This is it. He can’t possibly forget this one.” I planned a party, invited my friends, and even texted my dad about it.
But his response was just, “Sounds great! I’ll try to be there.”
The day arrived, and my mom, being the amazing woman she is, did her best to keep things special as 18 was a big milestone. My other relatives bought me amazing gifts and were trying to keep up the excitement.
A birthday cake on a table | Source: Pexels
But as the day went on, and my dad was still a no-show, I started to feel empty and lost.
Finally, I called him, and spoiler alert, he was fishing. “Hey, kiddo,” he said like it was no big deal. “I’m out on the lake with the guys. I’ll catch you later, okay?”
I hung up without saying a word or reminding him what day it was. I was so crushed that I couldn’t go back to the party.
A boy sitting in his bedroom, looking down | Source: Midjourney
My mom found me hiding in my room. “I’m sorry, honey,” she said after I told her about the phone call. “One day, he’ll understand what he’s missing.”
It’ll be too late then.
A week later, my dad called, acting like nothing had happened. “Hey, I got you a gift,” he said. “Want to come over and get it?”
Despite my disappointment, I went, hoping he’d realized his mistake and wanted to make things right. Once there, he handed me a long package, and I got excited for a second.
A man standing outside his house, smiling | Source: Midjourney
Maybe it was a new video game, or concert tickets, or something cool. But nope. It was a fishing rod.
“What do you think?” he asked, all proud of himself. “We can go fishing together sometime!”
I just stared at the stupid fishing rod, and everything he’d done over the years came rushing to my mind. A rant almost escape my lips, but I knew saying anything would be a waste of time.
A fishing rod on a rug | Source: Midjourney
So, I forced a smile and said thanks, although inside I was dying. He even invited me to go fishing with him and his friends the following weekend.
That’s when it hit me: he wasn’t trying to connect with me, he was just trying to fit me into his world, his schedule, and his hobbies. And I didn’t want that, especially when he didn’t try to fit in with me.
“I can’t, Dad,” I said. “I’ve got plans with Mom.”
A boy looking at his father | Source: Midjourney
He seemed a little disappointed but shrugged it off. He wouldn’t be sad for long, and I knew that he wouldn’t try to schedule again.
He just didn’t care.
With that thought came a realization: I didn’t need him to care, not anymore. I was done chasing him.
As I left his house, holding that stupid gift, I felt a huge weight lift off my shoulders.
After that, I focused on my mom, my friends, and my music. I started practicing guitar for hours every day, and I even started helping my mom around the house more.
A person playing a guitar | Source: Pexels
One night, she asked if I’d heard from my dad. It had been weeks.
“Nah,” I said. “But it’s okay. I’m done waiting for him to show up.”
She hugged me and said, “You’re an amazing young man, Ryder. Don’t ever forget that.”
And you know what? She was right. I didn’t need my dad’s presence or attention to be happy. I had people who loved me, and I was learning to love myself.
A boy looking straight ahead and smiling | Source: Midjourney
My dad never really changed. He kept on fishing, hanging out with his friends, and living his life without me. But that was his problem, not mine.
His actions taught me a valuable lesson: sometimes, the people you want in your life just aren’t capable of being there for you. And that’s okay. You have to find happiness within yourself and cherish those who truly care.
P.S.: I donated the fishing rod because I was never going to use it.
Fishing rod | Source: Unsplash
My Father Kicked Me Out of the House Because His 35-Year-Old Stepson Returned to the City and Wanted My Room – Karma Struck Back
I was at the university library, crammed among textbooks and coffee fumes, trying to make sense of my biology notes when my phone rang, making me jump.
It was my dad. He never called just to chat, so my stomach immediately did a flip-flop.
A woman using her laptop with a book and phone on the table | Source: Unsplash
“Emma, come home right away,” he clipped. Yes, I still lived at my dad’s house. I was trying to save money.
Dad didn’t explain anything else before hanging up, so I shoved my books and papers into my bag.
What could be so urgent? Was everyone okay? Had something happened?
I practically flew home, worrying the entire time.
A woman driving | Source: Pexels
When I screeched into the driveway, I saw that Linda’s car was there. Linda was my dad’s wife, and let’s just say, we didn’t exactly have the warmest relationship.
Walking into the house, I found Dad, Linda, and her 35-year-old son, Jacob, sitting in the living room. The atmosphere was tense for some reason.
“Jacob’s staying with us,” Dad announced without preamble. “He’ll be taking your room.”
Man staring directly | Source: Midjourney
“What? Where am I supposed to go?” I asked, taken aback.
“You can stay on campus,” Dad said, like it was the easiest thing in the world. Like I had a secret stash of cash hidden under my mattress.
“Dad, I can’t afford that,” I argued. “I’m barely making ends meet with my part-time job, and you know that. That’s why I’ve been living here.”
“You’ll figure it out,” he said, waving his hand dismissively. “You’re a smart girl. It’s time to be an adult. Jacob needs a place to stay.”
Two men smiling | Source: Midjourney
Mind you, this was a grown man, and I was 19. But I knew this decision was final. Despite not being his son, Jacob was my dad’s favorite, and everyone had always made sure I knew it.
Still, it was hard to believe that my own dad was kicking me out for his grown stepson, who, to put it mildly, hadn’t exactly been the most responsible person.
Jacob had burned through every opportunity my dad and Linda had given him, dropping out of college, losing jobs, and generally making a mess of his life.
Sad man sleeping in a coffee shop | Source: Midjourney
Now, I was the one paying the price.
I was furious and hurt, but I refused to give them the satisfaction of seeing me cry.
“Fine,” I said tightly and went to pack my things.
To make matters worse, no one, not even my dad, offered to help.
As I left, Jacob actually had the nerve to smirk and say, “Good luck.”
Man smiling by the window | Source: Midjourney
Finding a place on campus wasn’t easy, especially so late in the semester. I ended up crammed into a tiny, dingy dorm room, with barely enough space to turn around.
My boxes and bags were piled everywhere, making it feel even more claustrophobic. Meanwhile, I was juggling my studies with a demanding part-time job, just trying to keep my head above water.
It was tough. I’m not going to lie. There were nights I cried myself to sleep. But I had to make it work. And you know what? I did.
Woman busy on her laptop | Source: Pexels
I even managed to land a better job and eventually got my own little apartment. It wasn’t much, but it was mine, and I was fiercely proud of it.
A few months later, my phone rang while I was getting ready for work. It was Linda, and her voice was shaky. “Emma, you need to come home.”
Woman picking up the phone while working | Source: Pexels
What now? I wondered, but I still raced over.
As I turned the corner onto my street, my stomach dropped. There were fire trucks and flashing lights. In fact, the whole street was blocked off.
Meanwhile, our house was engulfed in flames.
Firemen extinguishing a fire | Source: Pexels
Turns out, Jacob had thrown a party while my dad and Linda were away, and someone put metal in the microphone. Boom. So, all their possessions and all my childhood memories were gone.
I stood by Dad and Linda’s side as we watched the firefighters working. It took a while, but eventually, my dad looked at me full of guilt and regret.
“I’m so sorry, Emma,” he said, his voice breaking. “I should never have kicked you out.”
Part of me wanted to scream, “I told you so!” I wanted to rub it in his face that he’d chosen his stepson over his daughter, and look what had happened.
Firemen extinguishing a fire | Source: Unsplash
But seeing him standing there, so tiny and ashamed, I couldn’t do it. I also couldn’t leave them stranded.
“I’ll help,” I said, surprising even myself. “But things have to change because you’ll be living with me. Just you two, not Jacob. Also, I’m not going to be treated like second-best anymore.”
They quickly nodded and promised things would be different. To their credit, they actually tried. I let Dad and Linda stay at my tiny apartment while they figured things out.
A small apartment | Source: Pexels
It was cramped. We were constantly tripping over each other, and let’s just say my personal space was practically nonexistent. But we started to actually act like a family.
We had meals together, talked, and helped keep the apartment tidy. We even started rebuilding the old house together, literally and figuratively.
It was a long process, but eventually, we got there. The fire that had destroyed our home also kind of burned away all the bad stuff between us. We were closer than ever, and I finally felt like I belonged.
Emma demands a change | Source: Midjourney
When they moved back to their place, Dad apologized for how he’d treated me and promised that I would always have a room in his house if I wanted to come back. I didn’t, but it was a nice gesture.
My Father Was Bragging about Paying for My College When He Did Not Give a Cent, So I Gave Him a Reality Check
A few years ago, I graduated from college. It was a huge accomplishment, one I worked my butt off for, juggling classes, a part-time job at a diner, and studying in laundromats because it was quieter than my dorm.
But my dad, Hugo, made the whole journey a lot harder than it needed to be.
Serious man | Source: Midjourney
Growing up, my dad was obsessed with my grades. If I got an A-, he’d be like, “What happened to the other two percent?” He loved to brag about how smart I was, but at home, he was constantly criticizing me, never offering any actual help.
I was so jealous of my cousin Fred. His parents were super supportive, and he got to actually enjoy his life. Me? I was basically only allowed to study.
A girl looking sad | Source: Midjourney
My dad put so much pressure on me that I developed a serious fear of failure. I remember the day I had to tell him I didn’t get into an Ivy League school. He completely lost it, screaming and ranting like I’d committed some horrible crime.
I did get admitted into other schools, though, but he didn’t care.
When it was time to figure out how to pay for college, I went to talk to him. I asked if he was going to help me with tuition.
A note that says “Pay Debt” | Source: Unsplash
He smirked and said, “Of course, Jenna, but there are conditions.” Then he proceeded to list all these rules: he’d choose my major, no parties, monthly grade updates, access to my online portal, and no dating.
“Dad, that’s not support, that’s control,” I said.
“Well, if you want my money, you’ll follow my rules,” he shrugged.
A man smirking | Source: Midjourney
That’s when I decided I needed to escape his control. I wasn’t going to let him have that power over me. So, I got creative. I applied for scholarships, got a part-time job, and figured out a way to pay for college without his help.
When I told him I didn’t need his money, he just laughed and said, “We’ll see how long that lasts.”
It lasted.
A happy woman | Source: Midjourney
But that wasn’t the end of it. My dad loved to take credit for my accomplishments. At my cousin’s graduation party, he was telling everyone how much he’d sacrificed for my education and how he’d dipped into his retirement fund to pay for my tuition.
It was all lies! I was fuming but kept quiet.
Two years later, though, I got my chance to call him out at my graduation party. My grandma had organized this whole formal backyard event, with a mini stage and a projector.
A projector | Source: Unsplash
My dad, of course, hijacked the microphone and started going on and on about how he’d helped me through college, how he’d tutored me in math, and even taught me how to ride a bike. It was ridiculous.
When he finally stopped talking, I grabbed the mic and said, “It’s time to clear up something.” I plugged in a USB drive and started a slideshow. Pictures of me in my diner uniform, my bank statements, and my student loan statement appeared on the screen.
A waitress | Source: Unsplash
It was proof that I had paid for everything myself.
“Not a single penny of my education came from my father,” I announced, looking him straight in the eye. The room went silent. Then, my grandma started clapping, and soon everyone joined in. My dad, of course, stormed out.
After that, things were a bit crazy. My family was super supportive, especially Grandma, and they all apologized for not seeing through my dad’s lies sooner.
An elegant older woman | Source: Midjourney
Then, a few days later, my dad called. I was expecting him to yell at me, but he actually apologized. He said he was sorry for lying, and that he just wanted to feel like a proud dad. He seemed sincere and truly sorry. He even offered to help pay off my loans.
Obviously, I didn’t take the money or forgive him right away, but I knew he was trying to make things right.
Years later, we had a frosty relationship, but he’d become an amazing grandpa to my kids.
We can’t change the past, but we can learn from it and create a better future. And that’s exactly what we did.
A grandfather and grandson | Source: Unsplash
My Father Demanded I Return the Wedding Gift He Gave Me – His Reason Shocked Me
My dad and I were never close. Ever since my parents’ nasty divorce when I was 10, our relationship has been strained, to say the least.
He was always more focused on his career than on being a dad. Then, a few years ago, he remarried, and his attention shifted completely to his new wife and their fancy social circle.
Mature businessman in his office | Source: Midjourney
I tried to be the bigger person, but it was tough. He’d call maybe once a month, usually just to ask about my grades or tell me about some amazing deal he’d closed at work. It wasn’t exactly the father-daughter relationship I’d dreamed of.
Now that you know enough background, here’s what happened: My fiancé, Chris, and I were busy planning our wedding, a small, intimate ceremony at the courthouse followed by a dinner with friends and family. We were also dreaming of buying a house, but on our salaries, it seemed impossible.
A pretty house | Source: Midjourney
Then, just a week before the wedding, my dad called me into his office. I was nervous, wondering what he wanted. He sat me down and, with a flourish, presented me with a check. A big one.
“This is for you and Chris,” he said, beaming. “A down payment on a house. It’s your wedding gift.”
I was speechless. It was an incredible present, one that would change our lives. I hugged him with tears in my eyes. Maybe, just maybe, things were finally changing between us.
Happy woman smiling | Source: Midjourney
My wedding came and went, and I was so happy.
But two days later, I got a text from my dad that made my blood run cold.
“I want the money back. We need to talk.”
I called him immediately. “Dad, what’s going on?”
He hemmed and hawed for a bit, then finally repeated that he wanted the money back.
“Why?” I asked, feeling terrible. We were already house-hunting.
Shocked woman wearing earplugs | Source: Midjourney
And then he said something that completely floored me. He said he was disappointed with our wedding. He wanted a big, fancy event, a chance to walk me down the aisle and show off to all his friends.
He also wanted me to reveal his gift during a speech and acknowledge him as a great father.
“It’s about my reputation, Irene!” he said.
I was speechless. The gift was all about him? It wasn’t about helping me and Chris start our lives together or about trying to bridge the gap between us.
Sad woman with eyes downcast | Source: Midjourney
it was about his ego and his social image.
I was furious. “This isn’t about you, Dad!” I yelled. “This was supposed to be a gift, not a way to manipulate me! After all these years…”
I won’t bore you, but I went into a rant, letting out an entire lifetime of grievances. After I was done, he tried to backpedal, but he had already ruined this.
Extremely angry woman yelling | Source: Midjourney
I told him I was giving the money back and that I didn’t want anything more to do with him.
The next day, I went to his office with a duffel bag full of cash. His face went white when he saw it.
“Every cent of your down payment,” I said, my voice shaking with anger. “I don’t need your money or your attention.”
Wads of money in a bag | Source: Midjourney
He tried to apologize, but I cut him off. “This isn’t about a big wedding, Dad. It’s about thinking that my father truly wanted me to be happy even if he never cared to show it before. Now, I’m done.”
I told him I was happy with Chris, and that we would get our house on our own terms. With that, I turned and walked away.
Cutting ties with him was one of the hardest things I’ve ever done. But it was also incredibly liberating. I was finally free from the disappointment of his absence or the impossible expectations he might put on me in the future.
Heartbroken woman standing by the window | Source: Midjourney
If you liked these stories, check out this other set about in-laws who crossed the line. Sometimes in-laws can be a lot to deal with, whether they’re trying to do what’s right or doing what works best for themselves and no one else. In the following stories, you’ll read about in-laws who give gifts and then take them back, those who bully and control, and more.
This work is inspired by real events and people, but it has been fictionalized for creative purposes. Names, characters, and details have been changed to protect privacy and enhance the narrative. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, or actual events is purely coincidental and not intended by the author.
The author and publisher make no claims to the accuracy of events or the portrayal of characters and are not liable for any misinterpretation. This story is provided “as is,” and any opinions expressed are those of the characters and do not reflect the views of the author or publisher.
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