The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
A Rare Look At Today’s Shiloh Jolie-Pitt
One of the most popular Hollywood couples of all time was Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie. Some people loved them together and other people hated it, but it was impossible to ignore the fact that they were everywhere.
The couple remained together for 12 years and had three children with each other. They also adopted three children while they were together. Angelina Jolie already had two sons who were adopted when she met him in 2004.
The film that they met each other on was Mr. and Mrs. Smith, and in many ways, it launched their relationship with each other. They enjoyed working together and eventually, a romance was building.
They talked about what they wanted in life and this included some similar things. Angelina was still adopting children and they co-adopted a baby from Ethiopia in 2006.
It was in that same year that she was pregnant with their own child. They went to Namibia for the birth to stay out of the public eye during that time.
They were so popular together that it is thought that the first picture of the child was worth $1 million. That baby is Shiloh, and she was born healthy by a cesarean section.
Despite the fact that they had a healthy baby, they were also concerned that there were some 2 million babies born every year in the developing world who died the first day they were born. They wanted to do what they could to save those children by making changes.
Shiloh is now 16 years old and she’s growing up quickly. She is close to her older brothers and sisters as well as the twin siblings that are younger than she is.
They don’t too much on social media so they tend to stay behind the scenes but one thing that is known is that Shiloh wasn’t always going by that name. At one time, she wanted to be called John.
Her parents are supportive of the choice that she’s made, and they want her to fit in. They even try to match clothes with her older brothers.
According to Angelina Jolie, she wanted to be a boy so they cut her hair and let her wear boy’s clothing.
These days, Shiloh has grown up into a beautiful young woman. She still isn’t seen very often in public, but we look forward to seeing her more in the future.
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