The tooth fairy is a welcome guest for any child who has lost a tooth. Not only will the fairy leave a small gift under the child’s pillow, but they be assured of a replacement tooth in a few months. Unfortunately, the scenario is quite different for adults grappling with a loss of teeth. Luckily, there may be some hope thanks to a new study performed by scientists at Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.
A dental breakthrough
While the typical adult mouth houses 32 teeth, approximately 1% of the population exhibits variations of them, either possessing more or fewer teeth due to congenital conditions. Researchers have delved into the genetic factors behind cases of excessive teeth, seeking valuable insights into the potential regeneration of teeth in adults. This study is the first to show that monoclonal antibodies can help regrow teeth. It suggests a new way to treat a dental problem that currently requires implants and other artificial solutions.
A bit of science
The research team disclosed that an antibody targeting a specific gene, known as uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), can induce tooth development in mice affected by tooth agenesis, a congenital condition. The findings were published in the journal, Science Advances.
As per Katsu Takahashi, a senior lecturer at the Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and one of the principal contributors to the study, the essential molecules crucial for the development of teeth have already been pinpointed. “The morphogenesis of individual teeth depends on the interactions of several molecules including BMP, or bone morphogenetic protein, and Wnt signaling,” says Takahashi.
On April 13, 2021, the University of Kyoto posted its first pic of newly-grown teeth in mice.
BMP and Wnt are involved in more than just tooth development; they affect the growth of organs and tissues early in the body’s development. Because drugs affecting them directly might have broad side effects, scientists are cautious. To find a potentially safer method, researchers focused on the gene USAG-1, thinking that aiming at factors countering BMP and Wnt specifically in tooth development could be more precise.
“We knew that suppressing USAG-1 benefits tooth growth. What we did not know was whether it would be enough,” added Takahashi.
The first results
Scientists looked at how different monoclonal antibodies affect USAG-1. Monoclonal antibodies are often used to treat things like cancer and arthritis and for making vaccines. Tests with this antibody showed that BMP signaling is crucial for deciding the number of teeth in mice. Also, just one treatment was enough to grow a whole tooth. Further tests confirmed these positive results in ferrets too.
“Ferrets are diphyodont animals with similar dental patterns to humans. Our next plan is to test the antibodies on other animals, such as pigs and dogs,” explained Takahashi.
Fully regrown frontal teeth in ferrets
The next steps
Now, scientists are going to test the drug on healthy adults. If that goes well, the team plans to try it on kids aged 2 to 6 with a rare tooth problem called anodontia, a genetic disorder defined as the absence of all teeth. These kids will get one shot of the drug to see if it makes their teeth grow. If everything works out, the medicine might be approved by 2030.
Takahashi sees the new medicine as an additional choice for individuals who are missing some or all of their teeth.
“The idea of growing new teeth is every dentist’s dream,” Takahashi told the Japanese newspaper, The Mainichi in June this year. “I’ve been working on this since I was a graduate student. I was confident I’d be able to make it happen.”
So hopefully, by the year 2030, humans will get a chance to have their third generation of teeth grown and say goodbye to implants. Until then, make sure to keep your teeth strong and healthy — this article will help you with that.
Preview photo credit KyotoU_News / Twitter
Listening to the Echoes of Time: One Woman’s Mission to Preserve the Stories of the Elderly
The sterile scent of antiseptic hung heavy in the air as I navigated the maze-like corridors of the nursing home. I clutched a stack of donated blankets, a small gesture of comfort for the residents. As I rounded a corner, I came upon a heartwarming scene. A group of elderly residents, their faces a tapestry of wrinkles and age spots, sat in a circle, their eyes fixed on a young woman. She sat on a low stool, a small journal resting on her lap, her pen moving swiftly across the page.
“She comes every week,” a nurse whispered to me, her voice hushed. “None of them are her family.”
Intrigued, I watched from a distance. The residents, their voices frail and reedy, recounted stories of long-ago loves, childhood adventures, and wartime experiences. The young woman listened intently, her eyes filled with a gentle curiosity. She would occasionally pause, asking a clarifying question, her voice soft and soothing. As she listened, she meticulously recorded their words, capturing their memories in ink.
Later, I approached the young woman, thanking her for her kindness. “Many of them get no visitors,” she explained, her smile warm and genuine. “Their memories are fading, and I worry that their stories will be lost forever. So, I come here every week and listen. I write down their names, their life stories, the names of their loved ones, the places they’ve been, the things they’ve done. It’s a small thing, but I hope it helps them feel seen and heard.”
Her words struck a chord within me. In a world that often prioritizes the new and the shiny, it was easy to forget the importance of the past, the stories that shaped us. These elderly residents, with their fading memories, were a living archive of history, their lives a testament to the resilience of the human spirit. And this young woman, with her simple act of kindness, was ensuring that their stories would not be forgotten.
As I walked away, I couldn’t shake off the image of the young woman, her pen dancing across the page, capturing the essence of a life lived. Her actions were a powerful reminder that true compassion lies in the small, everyday gestures of kindness, in the act of simply listening and acknowledging the humanity of others.
The experience left me pondering the fleeting nature of time and the importance of preserving our memories. It made me realize that everyone has a story to tell, a legacy to leave behind. And sometimes, all it takes is a listening ear and a pen to ensure that those stories are not lost to the sands of time.
Later that day, I found myself reflecting on my own life, on the stories I wanted to tell, the memories I wanted to preserve. I started a journal of my own, a place to record my thoughts, my experiences, the joys and sorrows, the triumphs and failures. I wanted to make sure that my own story, however ordinary, would not be forgotten.
The young woman at the nursing home had shown me the power of empathy, the importance of connecting with others, and the enduring value of human connection. Her simple act of kindness had not only brought comfort to the elderly residents but had also inspired me to live a more meaningful life, one that valued the stories of others and cherished the memories that shaped us.
As I drifted off to sleep that night, I imagined the residents at the nursing home, their faces lit up with a sense of purpose as they recounted their lives to the young woman. I imagined their stories, their laughter, their tears, all preserved on the pages of her journal, a testament to their lives, a legacy for future generations. And I knew that in a small way, I too was contributing to the preservation of those stories, by sharing my own and by reminding myself of the importance of listening, of connecting, and of cherishing the memories that make us who we are.
The world, I realized, is filled with stories waiting to be told, with lives waiting to be remembered. And in the quiet moments, in the simple acts of kindness, we can all play a part in ensuring that those stories live on.
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